Holographic real space refractive sequence

ABSTRACT

A system and a method for holographic eye testing device are disclosed. The system renders one or more three dimensional objects within the holographic display device. The system updates the rendering of the one or more three dimensional objects within the holographic display device, by virtual movement of the one or more three dimensional objects within the level of depth. The system receives input from a user indicating alignment of the one or more three dimensional objects after the virtual movement. The system determines a delta between a relative virtual position of the one or more three dimensional objects at the moment of receiving input and an optimal virtual position and generates prescriptive remedy based on the delta.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/904,995, filed on Feb. 26, 2018. The prior application isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field

Systems and methods for providing a visual examination using holographicprojection in real space and time are provided.

2. Background Art

For over one hundred years, doctors have provided eye examinationsincluding refraction by using lenses and prisms to determine therefractive state and binocularity of the patient. Refraction means tobend light. Persons with myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia(farsightedness) and astigmatism (two different power curves) performeda refraction to correct the refractive state and blurred vision of thepatient by using physical lenses and prisms. While in the 19th centurythe refraction was mostly conducted with a trial frame by holding upindividual lenses before each eye to make the image more clear, in the20th century the phoropter (meaning “many lenses”) was developed. Thisinstrument was extended on the arm of a physical stand and theinstrument was positioned before the patient's face. The clinician wouldthen turn the dial to move different lenses in front of the person'seyes to find the best subjective refraction to improve distance vision.The instrument was then advanced to include prisms that could be used todisassociate images or change the position of the image enabling theclinician the ability to evaluate muscle ranges and the ability tomaintain eye alignment and binocularity. It also permitted assessment ofthe person's ability to accommodate or focus at a near range. This wasall for the purpose of designing glasses to improve eyesight and visualacuity for both distance and near ranges as well as to prescribe prismsto correct for imbalance in eye alignment affecting binocularity.

While the phoropter is an effective instrument and still used today, itlimits the peripheral field and cannot assess binocularity in any othermeridian other than primary gaze or looking straight ahead. Binocularimbalances can sometimes only be represented with gaze outside of theprimary gaze position. Therefore, the instrument has limited value forthese purposes and/or lead the clinician to only be able to prescribelenses and prisms for one position of the eyes. In addition, the largephoropter blocks the peripheral vision producing an abnormal environmentand restriction of side vision, which frequently affects the intensityof the attentional visual process and cause the refractive correction tobe too strong or imbalanced.

These and other issues and limitations of existing instruments andtechnologies are addressed and overcome by the systems and methods ofthe present disclosure.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Described herein is a system to evaluate the refractive state of the eyeand visual process as well as binocularity in the nine cardinalpositions of gaze while in real space by using holographic projectionfor each eye. The refractive state assessment has been designed toenable the eye of the patient to focus on virtual objects in the mannerthat the refractive imbalance will focus to maintain clear vision. Forexample, a object is presented with three dimensions. The myopic eyewill focus on the near side of the object and see it with clarity. Thedimensions and position of the object is then moved to refocus the faror distance side of the object and calibration is determined as to thepower of the eye and the power of the lens required to re-focus the eyeto best visual acuity at infinity. The same would occur for thehyperopic eye, only the far portion of the three-dimensional object willbe in initial focus.

The patient uses hand movements and/or voice command to communicate thesubjective measurement of the dioptric power to correct the vision tobest visual acuity and, advantageously, these objectives areaccomplished through manipulation of the object in real space. Moreparticularly, in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, aneye with astigmatism would be presented a three dimensional object whereperpendicular lines would enable the patient to observe that one of thelines is clear and the other blurred. The object will be rotated todetermine the axis of the astigmatism and then the opposite or blurredside of the object would be shifted in space virtually to bring it intofocus. This sequence of operation will provide the amount of astigmatismmeasured in this eye and therefore the predicted amount of cylindricalcorrection needed to bring clarity. If the patient has both myopia orhyperopia and astigmatism, the object would be simultaneously bemanipulated to determine myopia or hyperopia while also evaluation thedioptric power of the astigmatism.

Additional features, functions and benefits of the disclosed systems andmethods will be apparent from the detailed description which follows,particularly when read in conjunction with the accompanying figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Illustrative embodiments are shown by way of example in the accompanyingdrawings and should not be considered as a limitation of the presentdisclosure:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a system for the holographic eyetesting device according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a test for horizontal phoria witha holographic eye testing device according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a test for vertical phoriautilizing the holographic eye testing device according to an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 4A is a block diagram illustrating a test for astigmatism utilizingthe holographic eye testing device according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4B is a block diagram illustrating a user's perspective of thevirtual 3D objects depicted in FIG. 4A according to an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 5A is a block diagram illustrating a test for astigmatism utilizingthe holographic eye testing device according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 5B is a block diagram illustrating a user's perspective of thevirtual 3D objects depicted in FIG. 5A according to an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 5C is a block diagram illustrating another perspective of thevirtual 3D objects depicted in FIG. 5A according to an exemplaryembodiment.

FIGS. 6A-6B are diagrams illustrating a test for visual acuity utilizingthe holographic eye testing device according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIGS. 7A-7G are diagrams illustrating tests for horizontal convergentand horizontal divergent, utilizing the holographic eye testing deviceaccording to an exemplary embodiment.

FIGS. 8A-8C are diagrams illustrating refraction testing utilizing theholographic eye testing device according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIGS. 9A-9B are diagrams illustrating convergence testing utilizing theholographic eye testing device according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIGS. 10A-10D are block diagrams illustrating methods for utilizing theholographic eye testing device according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 11 depicts a block diagram an exemplary computing device inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Apparatus, methods, and non-transitory computer readable medium aredescribed for a holographic eye testing device. Example embodimentsprovide a device for utilizing holographic virtual projection to performeye testing, diagnosis, and prescriptive remedy.

In some embodiments, the disclosed holographic eye testing devicerenders on a head mounted device, one or more three dimensional objectswithin the holographic display device, wherein the rendering correspondsto a virtual level of depth viewable by a user. The holographic displaydevice updates the rendering of the one or more three dimensionalobjects, wherein the updates include a virtual movement of the one ormore three dimensional objects within the virtual level of depth. Theholographic display device receives input from a user, wherein the inputincludes an indication of alignment of the one or more three dimensionalobjects based on the virtual movement. The indication of alignmentincludes a relative position between the one or more three dimensionalobjects. The holographic display device determines a delta between therelative virtual position between the one or more three dimensionalobjects and an optimal virtual position. The holographic display devicegenerates prescriptive remedy based on the delta.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a system 100 for the holographiceye testing device according to an exemplary embodiment. In oneembodiment, the holographic eye testing device can include a headmounted display (HMD) 102. The HMD 102 can include a pair of combinerlenses 104A, 104B for rendering three dimensional (3D) images within auser's field of view (FOV). The combiner lenses 104A, 104B can becalibrated to the interpupillary distance from the user's eyes 106A,106B. A computing system 108 can be connected to the combiner lenses104A, 104B. The holographic eye testing device can be repositioned inany of the nine primary gaze positions as needed. These tests are builtto run on technical platforms that can project 3D holographic imageswithin a field of view provided by a wired or wireless headset. The HMD102 can be connected to an adjustable, cushioned inner headband, whichcan tilt the combiner lenses 104A, 104B up and down, as well as forwardand backward. To wear the unit, the user fits the HMD 102 on their head,using an adjustment wheel at the back of the headband to secure itaround the crown, supporting and distributing the weight of the unitequally for comfort, before tilting the visor and combiner lenses 104A,104B towards the front of the eyes.

The computing system 108 can be inclusive to the HMD 102, where theholographic eye testing device is a self contained apparatus. Thecomputing system 108 in the self contained apparatus can includeadditional power circuitry to provide electrical current to the parts ofthe computing system 108. Alternatively, the computing system 108 can beexternal to the HMD 102 and communicatively coupled either through wiredor wireless communication channels to the HMD 102. Wired communicationchannels can include digital video transmission formats including HighDefinition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), DisplayPort™ (DisplayPort is atrademark of VESA of San Jose Calif., U.S.A.), or any other transmissionformat capable of propagating a video signal from the computing system108 to the combiner lenses 104A, 104B. Additionally, the HMD 102 caninclude speakers or headphones for the presentation of instructionalaudio to the user during the holographic eye tests. In a wirelesscommunication embodiment, the HMD 102 can include a wireless adaptercapable of low latency high bandwidth applications, including but notlimited to IEEE 802.11ad. The wireless adapter can interface with thecomputing system 108 for the transmission of low latency video to bedisplayed upon the combiner lenses 104, 104B.

Additionally the computing system 108 can include software for themanipulation and rendering of 3D objects within a virtual space. Thesoftware can include both platform software to support any fundamentalfunctionality of the HMD 102, such as motion tracking, inputfunctionality, and eye tracking. Platform software can be implemented ina virtual reality (VR) framework, augmented reality (AR) framework, ormixed reality (MR) framework. Platform software to support thefundamental functionality can include but are not limited to SteamVR®(SteamVR is a registered trademark of the Valve Corporation, SeattleWash., U.S.A) software development kit (SDK), Oculus® VR SDK (Oculus isa registered trademark of Oculus VR LLC, Irvine Calif., U.S.A.), OSVR(Open source VR) (OSVR is a registered trademark of Razer Asia PacificPte. Ltd. Singapore) SDK, and Microsoft Windows Mixed Reality ComputingPlatform. Application software executing on the computing system 108with the underlying platform software can be a customized renderingengine, or an off-the-shelf 3D rendering framework, such as Unity®Software (Unity Software is a registered trademark of Unity Technologiesof San Francisco Calif., U.S.A). The rendering framework can provide thebasic building blocks of the virtualized environment for the holographicrefractive eye test, including 3D objects and manipulation techniques tochange the appearance of the 3D objects. The rendering framework canprovide application programming interfaces (APIs) for the instantiationof 3D objects and well-defined interfaces for the manipulation of the 3Dobjects within the framework. Common software programming languagebindings for rendering frameworks include but are not limited to C++,Java, and C#. Additionally, the application software can providesettings to allow a test administrator to adjust actions within thetest, such as holographic object speed and object color.

The system 100 can be configured to perform a variety of eyes tests,including, but not limited to, acuity testing (near and far), phorias,horizontal divergence, horizontal convergence, and refraction.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a test for horizontal phoria witha holographic eye testing device according to an exemplary embodiment.In one embodiment, two virtual 3D objects 202A, 202B can be manipulatedin a user's field of view (FOV) 204A, 204B. The virtual 3D objects 202A,202B can be translated within the same horizontal plane untilconvergence. The virtual 3D objects 202A, 202B can have a starting pointwithin the user's FOV 204A, 204B equidistant within the same horizontalplane from a mid-point of the FOV. Utilizing application software, thevirtual 3D objects 202A, 202B are translated and projected on thecombiner lenses 104A, 104B to give the appearance that the virtual 3Dobjects are a set distance from the view of the user's eyes 106A, 106B.The application software can present the virtual 3D objects 202A, 202Bvia the combiner lenses 104A, 104B so that the virtual 3D objects canappear to be at different distances from the user's eyes 106A, 106B. Insome embodiments, the presentation of the virtual 3D objects 202A, 202Bcan correspond to projection of the virtual 3D objects at distances of16 inches to 20 feet in front of the user's eyes 106A, 106B. The rangeof distances allow phoria to be measured at different intervals of depthfor better confidence in convergence results. As the virtual 3D objects202A, 202B approach the mid-point of the user's FOV, the user canprovide input to the application software or platform software. Theinput can take the form of voice commands, gestures, or input from a“clicker.” As the virtual 3D objects 202A, 202B approach each other,they will begin to overlap and converge into a single virtual 3D object.At the point in which the convergence becomes clear to the user, theuser can provide input to stop any motion or translation of the virtual3D objects 202A, 202B. The application software evaluates a deltabetween the midpoint of the user's FOV 204A, 204B and the point at whichthe virtual 3D objects 202A, 202B were located when the user providedinput to stop the motion or translation. The delta can be represented asa deviation relative to the virtual distance of the virtual 3D objects202A, 202B from the patient. A diopter is measured by the deviation ofthe image at a specific virtual distance (1 prism diopter=1 virtual cmdeviation of the image at a 1 virtual meter distance).

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a test for vertical phoriautilizing the holographic eye testing device according to an exemplaryembodiment. In one embodiment, two virtual 3D objects 304A, 304B can bemanipulated in a user's FOV 302. The virtual 3D objects 304A, 304B canbe translated within the same vertical plane until convergence. Thevirtual 3D objects 304A, 304B can have a starting point within theuser's FOV 302 equidistant within the same vertical plane from amid-point of the FOV. Utilizing application software, the virtual 3Dobjects 304A, 304B are translated and projected on the combiner lenses104A, 104B to give the appearance that the virtual 3D objects are a setdistance from the view of the user's eyes 106A, 106B. The applicationsoftware can present the virtual 3D objects 304A, 304B via the combinerlenses 104A, 104B so that the virtual 3D objects can appear to be atdifferent distances from the user's eyes 106A, 106B. In someembodiments, the presentation of the virtual 3D objects 304A, 304B cancorrespond to projection of the virtual 3D objects at distances of 16inches to 20 feet in front of the user's eyes 106A, 106B. The range ofdistances allow phoria to be measured at different intervals of depthfor better confidence in convergence results. As the virtual 3D objects304A, 304B approach the mid-point of the user's FOV 302, the user canprovide input to the application software or platform software. Theinput can take the form of voice commands, gestures, or input from a“clicker.” As the virtual 3D objects 304A, 304B approach each other,they will begin to overlap and converge into a single visible virtual 3Dobject. At the point in which the convergence becomes clear to the user,the user can provide input to stop any motion or translation of thevirtual 3D objects 304A, 304B. The application software evaluates adelta between the midpoint of the user's FOV 302 and the point at whichthe virtual 3D objects 304A, 304B were located when the user providedinput to stop the motion or translation. As mentioned above, the deltacan be represented as a deviation relative to the virtual distance ofthe virtual 3D objects 304A, 304B from the patient. A diopter ismeasured by the deviation of the image at a specific virtual distance (1prism diopter=1 virtual centimeter deviation of the image at a 1 virtualmeter distance).

FIG. 4A is a block diagram illustrating a test for astigmatism utilizingthe holographic eye testing device according to an exemplary embodiment.In one embodiment, multiple virtual 3D objects 404A, 406A, 406B can bemanipulated in a user's FOV 402. The virtual 3D objects 404A, 406A, 406Bstart in different planes 408A, 408B parallel to the plane of thecombiner lenses 408C. In one embodiment, the virtual 3D objects 404A canbe a set of vertical lines (relative to the user's eyes 106A, 106B)residing in a plane 408A. Additional virtual 3D objects 406A, 406B canbe a set of horizontal lines (relative to the user's eyes 106A, 106B)residing in a plane 408B. When viewed through the combiner lenses 104A,104B in the FOV 402, the virtual 3D objects 404A, 406A, 406B can appearas a hash mark (#) where the virtual 3D objects appear to intersect,however since they are in different planes 408A, 408B they do notactually intersect.

In one embodiment, the user can start the test by providing input to thecomputing system 108. The input can take the form of voice commands,including saying key words indicative of beginning the test, gestures orproviding input from a “clicker.” In one embodiment, the user states theword “start” to begin the test. Control of the test can take the formvoice commands including “forward” and “backward.” A voice command of“forward” translates the plane 408A, and associated virtual 3D objects404A toward the combiner lenses 104A, 104B. A voice command of“backward” translates the plane 408A, and associated virtual 3D objects404A away from the combiner lenses 104A, 104B. Utilizing the voicecommands and associated translations, a user can manipulated the virtual3D objects 404A where the user believes the respective planes 408A, 408Band associated virtual 3D objects 404A, 406A, 406B are coincidental. Theuser can provide a voice command to the computing system 108, such asstating the word “stop” to complete the manipulation portion of thetest. Upon the receipt of the “stop” command, the computing system 108disallows subsequent input commands, such as “forward” and “backward,”and determines a delta distance between the final location of the planes408A, 408B. In the event the user manipulated the planes 408A, 408B tocoincide, the delta would be zero.

FIG. 4B is a block diagram illustrating a user's perspective of thevirtual 3D objects depicted in FIG. 4A. Virtual 3D objects 406A, 406Bcan be implemented as parallel lines residing the same plane 408B.Virtual 3D objects 404A, 404B can be implemented as parallel linesresiding in the same plane 408A.

FIG. 5A is a block diagram illustrating a test for astigmatism utilizingthe holographic eye testing device according to an exemplary embodiment.FIG. 5B is a block diagram illustrating a user's perspective of thevirtual 3D objects depicted in FIG. 5A. In one embodiment, multiplevirtual 3D objects 504A, 504B can be manipulated in a user's FOV 402.The virtual 3D objects 504A, 504B correspond to concentric opaque ringsacross the surface of an invisible sphere 510, where the concentricopaque rings traverse the surface of the sphere perpendicular to theplane of the combiner lenses 104A, 104B. The virtual 3D objects 504A,504B can be oriented along coaxial planes 506, 508. In otherembodiments, the virtual 3D objects 504A, 504B can be distal or proximalportions of concentric opaque rings across the surface of an invisiblesphere 510.

In one embodiment, the user can start the test by providing input to thecomputing system 108. The input can take the form of voice commands,including saying key words indicative of beginning the test, gestures orproviding input from a “clicker.” The user states the word “start” tobegin the test. As the test begins, the invisible sphere 510 andaccompanying virtual 3D objects are translated toward the combinerlenses 104A, 104B to give the user the appearance that the virtual 3Dobjects are coming directly at the user's eyes 106A. When the user cansee the virtual 3D objects 504A, 504B clearly, the user can provideinput to stop the test in the form of a voice command of “stop.” Thecomputing system 108 ceases translation of the invisible sphere 510 andcalculates a delta distance from the starting point of the invisiblesphere to the point where the invisible sphere resides at the end of thetest. A constant point of reference on the invisible sphere 510 can beutilized to determine a consistent location to determine the deltadistance.

In another embodiment, the user can start the test by providing input tothe computing system 108. The input can take the form of voice commands,including saying key words indicative of beginning the test, gestures orproviding input from a “clicker.” The user states the word “start” tobegin the test. The virtual 3D objects 504A, 504B being the test in aparallel or coincidental plane with a starting plane 506. As the testbegins the invisible sphere 510 and accompanying virtual 3D objects arerotated in a clockwise motion 512 from the user's perspective. When theinvisible sphere 510 and accompanying virtual 3D objects appear to haverotated ninety (90) degrees from the original starting position,(parallel or coincidental to the horizontal plane 508), the user canprovide input to stop the test in the form of a voice command of “stop.”The computing system 108 ceases rotation of the invisible sphere 510 andcalculates a delta in degrees based on the rotation from the startingpoint of the invisible sphere to the orientation of the invisible sphereat the end of the test. The delta in degrees can be used to determinethe axis of the astigmatism. This provides the amount of astigmatismmeasured in this eye and therefore the predicted amount of cylindricalcorrection needed to bring clarity.

FIG. 5C is a block diagram illustrating another user's perspective ofthe virtual 3D objects depicted in FIG. 5A. In another embodiment, thevirtual 3D objects 504A, 504B can be distal portions of concentricopaque rings across the surface of an invisible sphere 510. The virtual3D objects 514A, 514B can be proximal portions of concentric opaquerings across the surface of an invisible sphere 510. The distal portionsof the concentric opaque rings form a group and the proximal portionsform a group. Groups are rotated and translated in the FOV 402 inunison. The distal portions can be offset from the proximal portions bya rotation of 45 degrees. The user can start the test by providing inputto the computing system 108. The input can take the form of voicecommands, including saying key words indicative of beginning the test,gestures or providing input from a “clicker.” The user states the word“start” to begin the test. The computing system 108 translates virtual3D objects 514A, 514B corresponding to the proximal portions toward thecombiner lenses 104A, 104B where the virtual 3D object 514A, 514B appearto be coming toward the user's eyes 102A, 102B. When the user determinesthat the virtual 3D objects 514A, 514B are clear and distinct from thedistal virtual 3D objects 504A, 504B, the user can provide input to stopthe test in the form of a voice command of “stop.” The computing system108 ceases translation of the virtual 3D objects 514A, 514Bcorresponding to the proximal portions and calculates a delta indistance based on the translation from the starting point to theposition at the end of the test.

FIG. 6A is a block diagram illustrating a test for visual acuityutilizing the holographic eye testing device, according to an exemplaryembodiment. In one embodiment, virtual 2D or 3D letters or images 604can be displayed and/or manipulated in a user's FOV 402. Utilizingapplication software, the virtual letters or images 604 are translatedand projected on the combiner lenses 104A, 104B to give the appearancethat the virtual letters or images 604 are a set distance from the viewof the user's eyes 106A, 106B. The application software can present thevirtual letters or images 604 via the combiner lenses 104A, 104B so thatthe virtual letters or images 604 can appear to be at differentdistances from the user's eyes 106A, 106B. In some embodiments, thepresentation of the virtual letters or images 604 can correspond toprojection of the virtual letters or images 604 at distances of 16inches (near visual acuity) to 20 feet (distance visual acuity) in frontof the user's eyes 106A, 106B. The visual acuity test is used todetermine the smallest letters or images a user can identify from thevirtual letters or images 604 at a specified distance away (e.g., 6meters). The range of distances allows visual acuity to be measured atdifferent intervals of depth.

In one embodiment, the user can start the test by providing input to thecomputing system 108. The input can take the form of voice commands,including saying key words indicative of beginning the test, gestures orproviding input from a “clicker.” In one embodiment, the user states theword “start” to begin the test.

In some embodiments, the virtual letters or images 604 can be movedforward or backwards. Control of the test can take the form voicecommands including “forward” and “backward.” A voice command of“forward” translates the plane 608, and associated virtual letters orimages 604 toward the combiner lenses 104A, 104B. A voice command of“backward” translates the plane 608, and associated virtual letters orimages 604 away from the combiner lenses 104A, 104B. Utilizing the voicecommands and associated translations, a user can manipulated the virtualletters or images 604 until the user can or can no longer identify thevirtual letters or images 604. The user can provide a voice command tothe computing system 108, such as stating the word “stop” to completethe manipulation portion of the test. Upon the receipt of the “stop”command, the computing system 108 disallows subsequent input commands,such as “forward” and “backward,” and determines a final distance of thevirtual letters or images 604B.

FIG. 6B is a block diagram illustrating a user's perspective of thevirtual letters depicted in FIG. 6A. The virtual letters 604 can beimplemented as letters residing on the same plane 608. In otherembodiments, one or more of the virtual letters 604 can be implementedas letters residing on different planes.

FIG. 7A is a block diagram illustrating a test for horizontal convergentand horizontal divergent, utilizing the holographic eye testing deviceaccording to an exemplary embodiment. In one embodiment, virtual 2D or3D shapes 704 can be displayed and/or manipulated in a user's FOV 402.The horizontal convergent and horizontal divergent tests are used toexamine eye movement responses to symmetric stimuli.

In one embodiment, the virtual shapes 704 can be manipulated in a user'sfield of view (FOV) 402. The virtual shapes 704 can have a startingpoint within the user's FOV 402 equidistant within the same horizontalplane from a mid-point of the FOV 402. Utilizing application software,the virtual shapes 704 are translated and projected on the combinerlenses 104A, 104B to give the appearance that the virtual shapes 704 area set distance from the view of the user's eyes 106A, 106B. Theapplication software can present the virtual shapes 704 via the combinerlenses 104A, 104B so that the virtual shapes 704 can appear to be atdifferent distances from the user's eyes 106A, 106B. In someembodiments, the presentation of the virtual shapes 704 can correspondto projection of the virtual shapes 704 at distances of 16 inches to 20feet in front of the user's eyes 106A, 106B. The range of distancesallows the horizontal convergent and the horizontal divergent to bemeasured at different intervals of depth for better confidence inconvergence and divergence results.

In one embodiment, the user can start the test by providing input to thecomputing system 108. The input can take the form of voice commands,including saying key words indicative of beginning the test, gestures orproviding input from a “clicker.” In one embodiment, the user states theword “start” to begin the test.

FIGS. 7B-7C are block diagrams illustrating a horizontal convergenttest, utilizing the holographic eye testing device according to anexemplary embodiment.

The horizontal convergent test is performed in two stages—a break stageand a recovery stage. Two objects (for example, 3D or 2D shapes, such as3D cubes) are presented to a user at a given distance. The distance canbe changed depending on needs of the user, such as whether the test isbeing performed for near-sightedness or far-sightedness. A first object710 of the two objects is projected to a right eye and a second object712 of the two objects is projected to the left eye.

For the break stage of the test, the first object 710 and the secondobject 712 begin overlaid on each other and appear as one object, asshown in FIG. 7B. The first object 710 and the second object 712 slowlymove apart. The first object 710 shown to the right eye moves to theleft from a center start point, and the second object 712 shown to theleft eye moves to the right from the center start point, as shown inFIG. 7C. The user reports when the user notices that instead of viewingthe single object, the user now views that there are two objects (thefirst object 710 and the second object 712).

During the break stage, as the first object 710 and the second object712 move from the center start point of the user's FOV 402, the user canprovide input to the application software or platform software. Theinput can take the form of voice commands, gestures, or input from a“clicker.” As the first object 710 moves to the left from the centerstart point and the second object 712 moves to the right from the centerstart point, the objects will begin to diverge and appear as separateobjects. At the point in which the divergence becomes clear to the user,the user can provide input to stop any motion or translation of thefirst object 710 and the second object 712. The application softwareevaluates a delta between the midpoint of the user's FOV 402 and thepoint at which the first object 710 and the second object 712 werelocated when the user provided input to stop the motion or translation.The delta can be represented as a deviation relative to the virtualdistance of the first object 710 and the second object 712 from theuser. A diopter is measured by the deviation of the object at a specificvirtual distance (1 prism diopter=1 virtual cm deviation of the objectat a 1 virtual meter distance).

For the recovery stage of the test, the first object 710 and the secondobject 712 start out offset from each other and slowly move together.The first object 710 shown to the right eye starts on the left side ofthe user's view and moves to the center start point, and the secondobject 712 shown to the left eye starts on the right side of the user'sview and moves to the center start point, as shown in FIG. 7D. The userreports when the user no longer views two distinct objects, but insteadonly a single object.

During the recovery stage, as the first object 710 and the second object712 approach the center start point of the user's FOV 402, the user canprovide input to the application software or platform software. Theinput can take the form of voice commands, gestures, or input from a“clicker.” As the first object 710 and the second object 712 approacheach other, they will begin to overlap and converge into a singleobject. At the point in which the convergence becomes clear to the user,the user can provide input to stop any motion or translation of thefirst object 710 and the second object 712. The application softwareevaluates a delta between the midpoint of the user's FOV 402 and thepoint at which the first object 710 and the second object 712 werelocated when the user provided input to stop the motion or translation.The delta can be represented as a deviation relative to the virtualdistance of the first object 710 and the second object 712 from theuser. A diopter is measured by the deviation of the object at a specificvirtual distance (1 prism diopter=1 virtual cm deviation of the objectat a 1 virtual meter distance).

FIGS. 7E-7G is a block diagram illustrating a horizontal divergent test,utilizing the holographic eye testing device according to an exemplaryembodiment.

The horizontal divergent is performed in two stages—a break stage and arecovery stage. Two objects (for example, 3D or 2D shapes, such as 3Dcubes) are presented to a user at a given distance. The distance can bechanged depending on needs of the user, such as whether the test isbeing performed for near-sightedness or far-sightedness. A first objectof the two objects is projected to a right eye and a second object ofthe two objects is projected to the left eye.

The difference between horizontal divergent test and the horizontalconvergent tests has to do with what object is shown to what eye, andwhere the objects move. For divergent test, the objects are shown to theopposite eye from the convergent test.

For the break stage of the test, the first object 710 and the secondobject 712 begin overlaid on each other and appear as one object, asshown in FIG. 7E. The first object 710 and the second object 712 slowlymove apart. The first object 710 shown to the right eye moves to theright from the center start point, and the second object 712 shown tothe left eye moves to the left from the center start point, as shown inFIG. 7F. The user reports when the user notices that instead of viewingthe single object, the user now views that there are two objects (thefirst object 710 and the second object 712).

During the break stage, the first object 710 and the second object 712move from the center start point of the user's FOV 402, the user canprovide input to the application software or platform software. Theinput can take the form of voice commands, gestures, or input from a“clicker.” As the first object 710 moves to the right from the centerstart point and the second object 712 moves to the left from the centerstart point, the objects will begin to diverge and appear as separateobjects. At the point in which the divergence becomes clear to the user,the user can provide input to stop any motion or translation of thefirst object 710 and the second object 712. The application softwareevaluates a delta between the midpoint of the user's FOV 402 and thepoint at which the first object 710 and the second object 712 werelocated when the user provided input to stop the motion or translation.The delta can be represented as a deviation relative to the virtualdistance of the first object 710 and the second object 712 from theuser. A diopter is measured by the deviation of the object at a specificvirtual distance (1 prism diopter=1 virtual cm deviation of the objectat a 1 virtual meter distance).

For the recovery stage of the test, the first object 710 and the secondobject 712 start out offset from each other and slowly move together, asshown in FIG. 7G. The first object 710 shown to the right eye starts onthe right side of the user's view and moves to the center start point,and the second object 712 shown to the left eye start's on the left sideof the user's view and moves to the center start point. The user reportswhen the user no longer views two distinct objects, but instead only asingle object.

During the recovery stage, as the first object 710 and the second object712 approach the center start point of the user's FOV 402, the user canprovide input to the application software or platform software. Theinput can take the form of voice commands, gestures, or input from a“clicker.” As the first object 710 and the second object 712 approacheach other, the objects will begin to overlap and converge into a singleobject. At the point in which the convergence becomes clear to the user,the user can provide input to stop any motion or translation of thefirst object 710 and the second object 712. The application softwareevaluates a delta between the midpoint of the user's FOV 402 and thepoint at which the first object 710 and the second object 712 werelocated when the user provided input to stop the motion or translation.The delta can be represented as a deviation relative to the virtualdistance of the first object 710 and the second object 712 from theuser. A diopter is measured by the deviation of the object at a specificvirtual distance (1 prism diopter=1 virtual cm deviation of the objectat a 1 virtual meter distance).

For both the convergent test and the divergent test described above, thefirst object 710 is only shown the right eye and the second object 712is only shown to the left eye. This means at the start of the convergenttest and/or the divergent test, a user will see two objects, but if theuser closes one eye, only one object will be visible to the user (theone object projected for that eye). This is how a fusion effect isachieved, where two objects suddenly appear to be one, at the start ofthe divergent test and at the end of the convergent test.

In the above convergent test and/or the divergent test, and along withmost of the other tests, eye tracking data is important because itallows the system to determine where the user is looking. For thesetests, along with others, the program may request that the user look ata certain point in order to start the test, or to confirm that they arelooking in the right location and see the shapes before the test isstarted. For the phorias testing, the system may request that a userattempt to gaze at a certain point while the shapes are in motion inorder to ensure that the tests return accurate results. If they lookaway from the point, or directly at the shapes, the test may pause andwait for them to return their gaze to the requested object beforecontinuing.

FIGS. 8A-8C are diagrams illustrating refraction testing utilizing theholographic eye testing device according to an exemplary embodiment. Asshown in FIG. 8A, in one embodiment, at least one virtual object 804and/or a series of virtual lines 810 can be displayed and/or manipulatedin a user's FOV 402. Utilizing application software, the object 804 orthe series of lines 810 are translated on a vertical plane 808 andprojected on the combiner lenses 104A, 104B to give the appearance thatthe object 804 or the series of lines 810 is a set distance from theview of the user's eyes 106A, 106B. The application software can presentthe object 804 or the series of lines 810 via the combiner lenses 104A,104B so that the object 804 or the series of lines 810 can appear to beat different distances from the user's eyes 106A, 106B. In someembodiments, the presentation of the object 804 or the series of lines810 can correspond to projection of virtual letters, images, or lines atdistances of 16 inches (near visual acuity) to 20 feet (distance visualacuity) in front of the user's eyes 106A, 106B.

In one embodiment, the user can start the test by providing input to thecomputing system 108. The input can take the form of voice commands,including saying key words indicative of beginning the test, gestures,or providing input from a “clicker.” In one embodiment, the user statesthe word “start” to begin the test.

The described systems and methods use depth of field for testingrefraction. The refraction testing determines the user's level ofhyperopia (farsightedness), myopia (nearsightedness), and astigmatism,and three associated numerical values for sphere, cylinder, and axis,typically needed for an eyeglass prescription.

In the first step, the computing system 108 measures the refractivestate of the eye by having the user move the object 804 from an initialdistance towards or away from the user until a resolution of the object804 appears clear to the user. The distance at which the object 804appears clear to the user is labeled as a final distance. The computingsystem 108 determines an initial measurement between the final positionof the virtual object and an optimal virtual position. This initialmeasurement is at the focal length of the refractive sphericalequivalent of the eye and is the sphere power. The sphere powerindicates the amount of lens power, measured in diopters (D), prescribedto correct nearsightedness or farsightedness.

In the second step, a series of virtual lines 810 are presented at thefinal distance in a parallel or coincidental plane with the plane 808.In a first embodiment, the series of lines 810 correspond to concentricopaque rings across the surface of an invisible sphere 812 (shown inFIG. 8C), where the concentric opaque rings traverse the surface of thesphere 812 perpendicular to the plane of the combiner lenses 104A, 104B.In a second embodiment, the series of lines 810 includes a predefinednumber of lines (for example, three lines) in the axis plane.

In the first embodiment, as the test begins, the invisible sphere 812and accompanying series of lines 810 are rotated in a clockwise motionfrom the user's perspective. When the invisible sphere 812 andaccompanying series of lines 810 appear to have rotated ninety (90)degrees about an axis from the final position, (parallel or coincidentalto the axis 814 shown in FIG. 8C), the user can provide input to stopthe test, for example, in the form of a voice command of “stop.” Thecomputing system 108 ceases rotation of the invisible sphere 812 andcalculates a delta in degrees based on the rotation from the startingpoint of the invisible sphere 812 to the orientation of the invisiblesphere 812 at the end of the test. The delta in degrees can be used todetermine the axis value.

The second step provides the axis. This provides the amount ofastigmatism measured in this eye and therefore the predicted amount ofcylindrical correction needed to bring clarity. The cylinder valuerefers to the amount of astigmatism in the eyes.

In the third step, the lines 810 are shifted 90 degrees from the axis814 and moved further away from the user to display a blurred side ofthe lines 810. The user moves the lines 810 closer to or farther from(plus cylinder or minus cylinder) the user until the lines appear clearto the user. This is the focal length of the cylinder power andcorresponds to the difference in power from the sphere.

Based on the above, the sphere, cylinder, and axis values aredetermined. The above described sequence provides the amount ofhyperopia (farsightedness), myopia (nearsightedness), and astigmatismmeasured in this eye and therefore the predicted amount of correctionneeded to bring clarity. If the user has both myopia or hyperopia andastigmatism, the object 804 would be simultaneously manipulated todetermine myopia or hyperopia while also evaluation the dioptric powerof the astigmatism.

In some embodiments, when measuring hyperopia, plus (convex) lenses areincluded in the HMD 102 underneath the lenses 104A, 104B and in front ofthe user's eyes 106A, 106B. The reason for this is that the hyperopiceye focuses beyond the fixation object. In order to measure thehyperopia, the hyperopic eye is mathematically made to become myopic Analgorithm is used to subtracts the values to determine the dioptricvalue of the hyperopis.

In some embodiments, a fourth step is included to refine the exactsphere power and then to binocularly balance the prescription for thetwo eyes. In the fourth step, the object 804 is shifted further awayfrom the user to create +0.50 diopters in each the user's eyes 106A,106B. The object 804 initially appears as one object to the user andthen is disassociated or separated until the user can identify twoseparate objects. The user reports which object is clearer. The clearerobject is then moved away from the user until both objects appearequally as blurred. The objects are then merged and the user moves themcloser until the resolution appears best to the user. The binocularbalance has then been completed.

The object 804 and lines 810 can be moved forward or backwards orrotated. Control of the test can take the form voice commands including“forward,” “backward,” and “rotate.” A voice command of “forward”translates the plane 808, and associated object 804 or lines 810 towardthe combiner lenses 104A, 104B. A voice command of “backward” translatesthe plane 808, and associated object 804 or lines 810 away from thecombiner lenses 104A, 104B. A voice command of “rotate” moves the plane808, and associated object 804 or lines 810 in a rotation mannerUtilizing the voice commands and associated translations, a user canmanipulate the object 804 until the user can or can no longer identifythe object 804 or lines 810. The user can provide a voice command to thecomputing system 108, such as stating the word “stop” to complete themanipulation portion of the test.

FIG. 8B is a block diagram illustrating a user's perspective of thevirtual object 804 described in FIG. 8A. The virtual object 804 can beimplemented as one or more virtual 2D or 3D letters or images, such asshapes, pictures, etc., residing on the plane 808.

FIG. 8C is a block diagram illustrating a user's perspective of theseries of lines 810 described in FIG. 8A. The series of lines 810 can beimplemented as parallel lines (running vertical and/or horizontal)residing on the plane 808. The series of lines 810 correspond toconcentric opaque rings across the surface of the invisible sphere 812,where the concentric opaque rings traverse the surface of the sphere 812perpendicular to the plane of the combiner lenses 104A, 104B.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating convergence testing utilizing theholographic eye testing device according to an exemplary embodiment. Thehead mounted display (HMD) 102 incorporates eye tracking. Eye trackingenables the HMD 102 to track where the user's eyes 106A, 106B arelooking in real time. As shown in FIG. 9A, in one embodiment, at leastone virtual object 902 can be displayed and/or manipulated in a user'sFOV 402. Utilizing application software, the object 902 is translated ona vertical plane 908 and projected on the combiner lenses 104A, 104B togive the appearance that the object 902 is a set distance from the viewof the user's eyes 106A, 106B. The application software can present theobject 902 via the combiner lenses 104A, 104B so that the object 902 canappear to be at different distances from the user's eyes 106A, 106B. Insome embodiments, the presentation of the object 902 can correspond toprojection of virtual letters, images, or lines at distances of 16inches (near visual acuity) to 20 feet (distance visual acuity) in frontof the user's eyes 106A, 106B.

In one embodiment, the user can start the test by providing input to thecomputing system 108. The input can take the form of voice commands,including saying key words indicative of beginning the test, gestures,or providing input from a “clicker.” In one embodiment, the user statesthe word “start” to begin the test.

During the convergence testing, the object 902 is presented to each eyes106A, 106B and is moved across the user's FOV 402. The user follows theobject 902 from left to right and right to left. The object 902 is thenmoved in a circle clock wise and counter-clockwise. The HMD 102, via eyetracking, monitors fixation loss and quality of movement of the user'seyes 106A, 106B. Points of fixation loss and the quality of movement arerecorded.

Convergence near point will be assessed by rendering a first virtualobject 910 displayed to a right eye and a second virtual object 912displayed to a left eye within the holographic display device, whereinthe rendering corresponds to the first virtual object and the secondvirtual object aligned to appear as one virtual object to the user. Thefirst virtual object 910 and the second virtual object 912 appear at adistance of 40 centimeters in front of the user's eyes 106A, 106B. Theuser moves the first virtual object 910 and the second virtual object912 presented to both eyes 106A, 106B toward the user's nose. The HMD102 monitors eye alignment and record the distance (in centimeter orinches) when the eyes 106A, 106B lose alignment on the first virtualobject 910 and the second virtual object 912 and the first virtualobject 910 and the second virtual object 912 appears as two separateobjects. This is recorded as the break point. The first virtual object910 and the second virtual object 912 are then moved away from the userand the HMD 102 records the distance when the eyes 106A, 106B realignand the user fuses the first virtual object 910 and the second virtualobject 912 back to appear as one virtual object to the user. This isrecorded as the realignment point.

FIG. 9B is a block diagram illustrating a user's perspective of thevirtual object 902 and/or the first virtual object 910 and the secondvirtual object 912 as viewed aligned, as described in FIG. 9A. Thevirtual object 804 can be implemented as one or more virtual 2D or 3Dletters or images, such as shapes, pictures, etc., residing on the plane908.

FIGS. 10A-10D illustrates methods for diagnosis and/or prescription ofremedies for visual impairment in accordance with exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 10A illustrates a method for diagnosis and prescription of remediesfor visual impairment in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

At step 1002, the holographic display device renders one or more threedimensional objects with the holographic display device. The renderingcorresponds to a virtual level of depth viewable by a user.

At step 1004, the holographic display device updates the rendering ofthe one or more three dimensional objects within the holographic displaydevice. The updated rendering includes a virtual movement of the one ormore three dimensional objects within the virtual level of depth. Thevirtual movement includes moving the one or more three dimensionalobjects laterally in the field of view of the user. Alternatively, thevirtual movement includes moving the one or more three dimensionalobjects vertically in the field of view of the user. Additionally, thevirtual movement includes moving the one or more three dimensionalobjects from a distal position to proximal position within the field ofview of the user. The virtual level of depth corresponds to a simulateddistance away from the user. The simulated distance can range fromsixteen (16) inches to twenty (20) feet from the user.

At step 1006, the holographic display device receives input from a user.The input can include an indication of alignment of the one or morethree dimensional objects based on the virtual movement. The indicationof alignment can include a relative virtual position between the one ormore three dimensional objects. The input from the user can include handgestures and voice commands

At step 1008, the holographic display device determines a delta betweenthe relative virtual position of the one or more three dimensionalobjects and an optimal virtual position.

At step 1010, the holographic display device generates a prescriptiveremedy based on the delta between the relative virtual position of theone or more three dimensional objects and the optimal virtual position.

FIG. 10B illustrates a method for diagnosis and prescription of remediesfor visual impairment in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

At step 1012, a diagnostic module configured to execute on a computingdevice communicatively coupled to the head mounted holographic displaydevice renders a first virtual object displayed to the right eye and asecond virtual object displayed to the left eye within a head mountedholographic display device. The rendering corresponds to the firstvirtual object and the second virtual object aligned to appear as onevirtual object to a user.

At step 1014, the diagnostic module updates the rendering of the firstvirtual object and the second virtual object within the holographicdisplay device. The update includes a virtual movement of the firstvirtual object in a first direction and the second virtual object in asecond direction opposite the first direction.

At step 1016, the diagnostic module receives input from a user. Theinput includes an indication of separation of the first virtual objectand the second virtual object based on the virtual movement. Theindication of separation comprises a relative virtual position betweenthe first virtual object and the second virtual object where the userviews the first virtual object and the second virtual object as separateobjects.

At step 1018, the diagnostic module determines a first delta between therelative virtual position of the first virtual object and the secondvirtual object and an optimal virtual position.

At step 1020, the diagnostic module updates the rendering of the firstvirtual object and the second virtual object within the holographicdisplay device. The update includes a virtual movement of the firstvirtual object in the second direction and the second virtual object inthe first direction.

At step 1022, the diagnostic module receives a second input from theuser. The input includes an indication of alignment of the first virtualobject and the second virtual object based on the virtual movement. Theindication of alignment comprises a relative virtual position betweenthe first virtual object and the second virtual object where the userviews the first virtual object and the second virtual object as alignedto appear as one virtual object.

At step 1024, the diagnostic module determines a second delta betweenthe relative virtual position of the first virtual object and the secondvirtual object and an optimal virtual position.

FIG. 10C illustrates a method for diagnosis and prescription of remediesfor visual impairment in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

At step 1030, the diagnostic module renders at least one virtual objectwithin the holographic display device at an initial position. Therendering corresponds to a virtual level of depth corresponding to aninitial simulated distance away from a user.

At step 1032, the diagnostic module receives at least one first inputfrom the user. The at least one first input comprises an indication tomove the at least one virtual object virtually towards or away from theuser.

At step 1034, the diagnostic module updates the rendering of the atleast one virtual object within the holographic display device. Theupdate includes a virtual movement of the at least one virtual object ina direction towards or away from the user.

At step 1036, the diagnostic module receives a second input from theuser. The second input includes an indication that the at least onevirtual object appears clear to the user at a final position. Therendering corresponds to a virtual level of depth corresponding to afinal simulated distance away from the user.

At step 1038, the diagnostic module determines a measurement between thefinal position of the virtual object and an optimal virtual position.

At step 1040, the diagnostic module renders at least one line within theholographic display device at the final position.

At step 1042, the diagnostic module rotates the at least one line aboutan axis from the final position.

At step 1044, the diagnostic module receives a third input from theuser. The third input comprises an indication that the at least one lineappears to the user to have rotated ninety degrees about the axis fromthe final position.

At step 1046, the diagnostic module determines a delta in degrees basedon the rotation of the at least one line from the final point to anorientation of the at least one line at a time of receiving the thirdinput.

FIG. 10D illustrates a method for diagnosis and prescription of remediesfor visual impairment in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

At step 1050, the diagnostic module renders at least one virtual objectwithin the holographic display device. The rendering corresponds to avirtual level of depth viewable by the user.

At step 1052, the diagnostic module updates the rendering of the atleast one virtual object within the holographic display device. Theupdate includes a virtual movement of the at least one virtual objectwithin the virtual level of depth.

At step 1054, the diagnostic module monitors, via eye tracking, at leastone of fixation loss or quality of movement of the eyes of the user.

At step 1056, the diagnostic module renders a first virtual objectdisplayed to a right eye and a second virtual object displayed to a lefteye within the holographic display device. The rendering corresponds tothe first virtual object and the second virtual object aligned to appearas one virtual object to a user.

At step 1058, the diagnostic module updates the rendering of the firstvirtual object and the second virtual object within the holographicdisplay device. The update includes a virtual movement of the firstvirtual object and the second virtual object towards the user.

At step 1060, the diagnostic module monitors, via the eye tracking, eyealignment as the eyes of the user track the first virtual object and thesecond virtual object moving towards the user.

At step 1062, the diagnostic module identifies a distance when the userviews the first virtual object and the second virtual object as separateobjects.

At step 1064, the diagnostic module determines a delta between therelative virtual position of the first virtual object and the secondvirtual object and an optimal virtual position.

At step 1066, the diagnostic module generates a prescriptive remedybased on the delta between the relative virtual position of the firstvirtual object and the second virtual object and the optimal virtualposition.

FIG. 11 depicts a block diagram an exemplary computing device inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment. Embodiments of the computingdevice 1100 can implement embodiments of the system including theholographic eye testing device. For example, the computing device can beembodied as a portion of the holographic eye testing device, andsupporting computing devices. The computing device 1100 includes one ormore non-transitory computer-readable media for storing one or morecomputer-executable instructions or software for implementing exemplaryembodiments. The non-transitory computer-readable media may include, butare not limited to, one or more types of hardware memory, non-transitorytangible media (for example, one or more magnetic storage disks, one ormore optical disks, one or more flash drives, one or more solid statedisks), and the like. For example, memory 1106 included in the computingsystem 108 may store computer-readable and computer-executableinstructions or software (e.g., applications 1130 such as renderingapplication) for implementing exemplary operations of the computingdevice 1100. The computing system 108 also includes configurable and/orprogrammable processor 1102 and associated core(s) 1104, and optionally,one or more additional configurable and/or programmable processor(s)1102′ and associated core(s) 1104′ (for example, in the case of computersystems having multiple processors/cores), for executingcomputer-readable and computer-executable instructions or softwarestored in the memory 1106 and other programs for implementing exemplaryembodiments of the present disclosure. Processor 1102 and processor(s)1102′ may each be a single core processor or multiple core (1104 and1104′) processor. Either or both of processor 1102 and processor(s)1102′ may be configured to execute one or more of the instructionsdescribed in connection with computing system 108.

Virtualization may be employed in the computing system 108 so thatinfrastructure and resources in the computing system 108 may be shareddynamically. A virtual machine 1112 may be provided to handle a processrunning on multiple processors so that the process appears to be usingonly one computing resource rather than multiple computing resources.Multiple virtual machines may also be used with one processor.

Memory 1106 may include a computer system memory or random accessmemory, such as DRAM, SRAM, EDO RAM, and the like. Memory 1106 mayinclude other types of memory as well, or combinations thereof. Thecomputing system 108 can receive data from input/output devices. A usermay interact with the computing system 108 through a visual displaydevice 1114, such as a combiner lenses 1116, which may display one ormore virtual graphical user interfaces, a microphone 1120 and one ormore cameras 1118.

The computing system 108 may also include one or more storage devices1126, such as a hard-drive, CD-ROM, or other computer readable media,for storing data and computer-readable instructions and/or software thatimplement exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. For example,exemplary storage device 1126 can include storing information associatedwith platform software and the application software.

The computing system 108 can include a network interface 1108 configuredto interface via one or more network devices 1124 with one or morenetworks, for example, Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN)or the Internet through a variety of connections including, but notlimited to, standard telephone lines, LAN or WAN links (for example,802.11, T1, T3, 56 kb, X.25), broadband connections (for example, ISDN,Frame Relay, ATM), wireless connections, controller area network (CAN),or some combination of any or all of the above. In exemplaryembodiments, the computing system can include one or more antennas 1122to facilitate wireless communication (e.g., via the network interface)between the computing system 108 and a network and/or between thecomputing system 108 and other computing devices. The network interface1108 may include a built-in network adapter, network interface card,PCMCIA network card, card bus network adapter, wireless network adapter,USB network adapter, modem or any other device suitable for interfacingthe computing system 108 to any type of network capable of communicationand performing the operations described herein.

The computing system 108 may run any operating system 1110, such as anyof the versions of the Microsoft® Windows® operating systems, thedifferent releases of the Unix and Linux operating systems, any versionof the MacOS® for Macintosh computers, any embedded operating system,any real-time operating system, any open source operating system, anyproprietary operating system, or any other operating system capable ofrunning on the computing system 108 and performing the operationsdescribed herein. In exemplary embodiments, the operating system 1110may be run in native mode or emulated mode. In an exemplary embodiment,the operating system 1110 may be run on one or more cloud machineinstances.

In describing exemplary embodiments, specific terminology is used forthe sake of clarity. For purposes of description, each specific term isintended to at least include all technical and functional equivalentsthat operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose.Additionally, in some instances where a particular exemplary embodimentincludes multiple system elements, device components, or method steps,those elements, components, or steps can be replaced with a singleelement, component, or step. Likewise, a single element, component, orstep can be replaced with multiple elements, components, or steps thatserve the same purpose. Moreover, while exemplary embodiments have beenshown and described with references to particular embodiments thereof,those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that varioussubstitutions and alterations in form and detail can be made thereinwithout departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Further,still, other aspects, functions, and advantages are also within thescope of the present disclosure.

Exemplary flowcharts are provided herein for illustrative purposes andare non-limiting examples of methods. One of ordinary skill in the artwill recognize that exemplary methods can include more or fewer stepsthan those illustrated in the exemplary flowcharts and that the steps inthe exemplary flowcharts can be performed in a different order than theorder shown in the illustrative flowcharts.

We claim:
 1. An method for diagnosis and prescription of remedies for visual impairment, comprising: rendering, via a diagnostic module configured to execute on a computing device communicatively coupled to the head mounted holographic display device, a first virtual object displayed to the right eye and a second virtual object displayed to the left eye within a head mounted holographic display device, wherein the rendering corresponds to the first virtual object and the second virtual object aligned to appear as one virtual object to a user; updating, via the diagnostic module, the rendering of the first virtual object and the second virtual object within the holographic display device, wherein the updates comprise a virtual movement of the first virtual object in a first direction and the second virtual object in a second direction opposite the first direction; receiving, via the diagnostic module, input from a user, wherein the input comprises an indication of separation of the first virtual object and the second virtual object based on the virtual movement, wherein the indication of separation comprises a relative virtual position between the first virtual object and the second virtual object where the user views the first virtual object and the second virtual object as separate objects; and determining, via the diagnostic module, a first delta between the relative virtual position of the first virtual object and the second virtual object and an optimal virtual position.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: updating, via the diagnostic module, the rendering of the first virtual object and the second virtual object within the holographic display device, wherein the updates comprise a virtual movement of the first virtual object in the second direction and the second virtual object in the first direction; receiving, via the diagnostic module, a second input from the user, wherein the input comprises an indication of alignment of the first virtual object and the second virtual object based on the virtual movement, wherein the indication of alignment comprises a relative virtual position between the first virtual object and the second virtual object where the user views the first virtual object and the second virtual object as aligned to appear as one virtual object; and determining, via the diagnostic module, a second delta between the relative virtual position of the first virtual object and the second virtual object and an optimal virtual position.
 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising generating, via the diagnostic module, a prescriptive remedy based on at least one of the first delta or the second delta.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the input from the user comprises hand gestures and voice commands.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the head mounted display device comprises a pair of transparent combiner lenses calibrated to the interpupillary distance.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first direction and the second direction are horizontal directions.
 7. An apparatus for diagnosis and prescription of remedies for visual impairment, comprising: a head mounted holographic display device; a computing device communicatively coupled to the head mounted holographic display device; a diagnostic module configured to execute on the computing device, the diagnostic module when executed: renders a first virtual object displayed to the right eye and a second virtual object displayed to the left eye within the holographic display device, wherein the rendering corresponds to the first virtual object and the second virtual object aligned to appear as one virtual object to a user; updates the rendering of the first virtual object and the second virtual object within the holographic display device, wherein the updates comprise a virtual movement of the first virtual object in a first direction and the second virtual object in a second direction opposite the first direction; receives input from a user, wherein the input comprises an indication of separation of the first virtual object and the second virtual object based on the virtual movement, wherein the indication of separation comprises a relative virtual position between the first virtual object and the second virtual object where the user views the first virtual object and the second virtual object as separate objects; and determines a first delta between the relative virtual position of the first virtual object and the second virtual object and an optimal virtual position.
 8. A method for diagnosis and prescription of remedies for visual impairment, comprising: rendering, via a diagnostic module configured to execute on a computing device communicatively coupled to a head mounted holographic display device, at least one virtual object within the holographic display device at an initial position, wherein the rendering corresponds to a virtual level of depth corresponding to an initial simulated distance away from a user; receiving, via the diagnostic module, at least one first input from the user, wherein the at least one first input comprises an indication to move the at least one virtual object virtually towards or away from the user; updating, via the diagnostic module, the rendering of the at least one virtual object within the holographic display device, wherein the updates comprise a virtual movement of the at least one virtual object in a direction towards or away from the user; receiving, via the diagnostic module, a second input from the user, wherein the second input comprises an indication that the at least one virtual object appears clear to the user at a final position, wherein the rendering corresponds to a virtual level of depth corresponding to a final simulated distance away from a user; and determining, via the diagnostic module, a measurement between the final position of the virtual object and an optimal virtual position.
 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: rendering, via the diagnostic module, at least one line within the holographic display device at the final position; rotating, via the diagnostic module, the at least one line about an axis from the final position; receiving, via the diagnostic module, a third input from the user, wherein the third input comprises an indication that the at least one line appears to the user to have rotated ninety degrees about the axis from the final position; and determining, via the diagnostic module, a delta in degrees based on the rotation of the at least one line from the final point to an orientation of the at least one line at a time of receiving the third input.
 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising determining, via the diagnostic module, an axis and a cylinder power based on the delta.
 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one line corresponds to at least one concentric opaque ring across a surface of an invisible sphere.
 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising: shifting, via the diagnostic module, the at least one line 90 degrees from the axis to show an opposite side of the at least one line; and receiving, via the diagnostic module, at least one fourth input from the user, wherein the at least one fourth input comprises an indication to move the at least one a line virtually towards or away from the user; updating, via the diagnostic module, the rendering of the at least one line within the holographic display device, wherein the updates comprise a virtual movement of the at least one line in a direction towards or away from the user; receiving, via the diagnostic module, a fifth input from the user, wherein the fifth input comprises an indication that the at least one line appears clear to the user.
 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising determining, via the diagnostic module, a sphere power based on the measurement.
 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the head mounted display device comprises a pair of transparent combiner lenses calibrated to the interpupillary distance.
 15. An apparatus for diagnosis and prescription of remedies for visual impairment, comprising: a head mounted holographic display device; a computing device communicatively coupled to the head mounted holographic display device; a diagnostic module configured to execute on the computing device, the diagnostic module when executed: renders at least one virtual object within the holographic display device at an initial position, wherein the rendering corresponds to a virtual level of depth corresponding to an initial simulated distance away from a user; receives at least one first input from the user, wherein the at least one first input comprises an indication to move the at least one virtual object virtually towards or away from the user; updates the rendering of the at least one virtual object within the holographic display device, wherein the updates comprise a virtual movement of the at least one virtual object in a direction towards or away from the user; receives a second input from the user, wherein the second input comprises an indication that the at least one virtual object appears clear to the user at a final position, wherein the rendering corresponds to a virtual level of depth corresponding to a final simulated distance away from a user; and determines a measurement between the final position of the virtual object and an optimal virtual position.
 16. A method for diagnosis and prescription of remedies for visual impairment, comprising: rendering, via a diagnostic module configured to execute on a computing device communicatively coupled to a head mounted holographic display device enabled for eye tracking of eyes of a user, at least one virtual object within the holographic display device, wherein the rendering corresponds to a virtual level of depth viewable by the user; updating, via the diagnostic module, the rendering of the at least one virtual object within the holographic display device, wherein the updates comprise a virtual movement of the at least one virtual object within the virtual level of depth; and monitoring, via the diagnostic module, via the eye tracking, at least one of fixation loss or quality of movement of the eyes of the user.
 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising the diagnostic module when executed: rendering, via the diagnostic module, a first virtual object displayed to a right eye and a second virtual object displayed to a left eye within the holographic display device, wherein the rendering corresponds to the first virtual object and the second virtual object aligned to appear as one virtual object to a user; updating, via the diagnostic module, the rendering of the first virtual object and the second virtual object within the holographic display device, wherein the updates comprise a virtual movement of the first virtual object and the second virtual object towards the user; monitoring, via the diagnostic module, via the eye tracking, eye alignment as the eyes of the user track the first virtual object and the second virtual object moving towards the user; identifying, via the diagnostic module, a distance when the user views the first virtual object and the second virtual object as separate objects; determining, via the diagnostic module, a delta between the relative virtual position of the first virtual object and the second virtual object and an optimal virtual position; and generating, via the diagnostic module, prescriptive remedy based on the delta between the relative virtual position of the first virtual object and the second virtual object and the optimal virtual position.
 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the rendering of the at least one virtual object within the holographic display device comprises virtually moving the at least one virtual object from left to right, right to left, a circle clock wise, and a circle counter-clockwise.
 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the head mounted display device comprises a pair of transparent combiner lenses calibrated to the interpupillary distance.
 20. An apparatus for diagnosis and prescription of remedies for visual impairment, comprising: a head mounted holographic display device enabled for eye tracking of eyes of a user; a computing device communicatively coupled to the head mounted holographic display device; a diagnostic module configured to execute on the computing device, the diagnostic module when executed: renders at least one virtual object within the holographic display device, wherein the rendering corresponds to a virtual level of depth viewable by the user; updates the rendering of the at least one virtual object within the holographic display device, wherein the updates comprise a virtual movement of the at least one virtual object within the virtual level of depth; and monitors, via the eye tracking, at least one of fixation loss or quality of movement of the eyes of the user. 